Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology: A review

Mook, W.T. and Chakrabarti, M.H. and Aroua, M.K. and Khan, G.M.A. and Ali, B.S. and Islam, M.S. and Abu Hassan, M.A. (2012) Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology: A review. Desalination, 285. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0011-9164, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.029.

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Abstract

Protein rich wastes from aquaculture systems result in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A number of conventional approaches have been adopted for the removal of these wastes in aquaculture ponds and hatcheries with varying degrees of success but they face critical problems such as membrane fouling, high cost or the generation of toxic by-products. To overcome such issues, electrochemical technology is commonly employed. The advantages of electrochemical treatment include high efficiency, ambient operating conditions, small equipment sizes, minimal sludge generation and rapid start-up. An even better system involves bio-electrochemical reactors (BERs), which have the potential to generate energy from wastewater (by means of microbial fuel cells) or a valuable product such as hydrogen (using microbial electrolysis cells). Mechanisms of cathodic nitrate reduction and anodic oxidation in electrochemical and bio-electrochemical technology are reported in this review. Also some work on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and organic matter by Electro-Fenton and microbial fuel cells are elaborated upon. It is apparent that BERs can remove contaminants at high efficiencies (≈ 99%) whilst giving least impact upon the environment.

Item Type: Article
Funders: UNSPECIFIED
Additional Information: Cited By (since 1996):8 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: DSLNA :doi 10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.029 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mook, W.T.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mookweitze@yahoo.com.my References: Razak, W., Othman, S., Aminuddin, M., Hashim, W.S., Izyan, K., Bamboo as an eco-friendly material for use in aquaculture industry in Malaysia (2008) J. Sustain. 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Uncontrolled Keywords: Aquaculture; Bio-electrochemical reactors; Total ammonium nitrate; Total organic carbon; Wastewater; Ammonium nitrate; Aquaculture systems; Aquaculture wastewater; Conventional approach; Critical problems; Electro-Fenton; Electrochemical technology; Electrochemical treatments; High costs; Microbial electrolysis cells; Nitrate reduction; Operating condition; Simultaneous removal; Sludge generation; Small equipment; Start-ups; Total ammonia nitrogens; Ammonia; Ammonium compounds; Anodic oxidation; Biochemical oxygen demand; Carbon; Electric reactors; Electrolytic cells; Hydrogen; Membrane fouling; Microbial fuel cells; Nitrates; Organic carbon; Nitrogen removal; electrochemistry; environmental impact; fouling; fuel cell; membrane; nitrate; nitrogen; oxidation; pollutant removal; reduction; toxic material; waste treatment.
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering
Depositing User: Mr Jenal S
Date Deposited: 16 Jul 2013 02:15
Last Modified: 12 Nov 2013 00:24
URI: http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/7398

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