Kamarulzaman, N. and Yusoff, R. and Kamarudin, N. and Shaari, N.H. and Aziz, N.A.A. and Bustam, M.A. and Blagojevic, N. and Elcombe, M. and Blackford, M. and Avdeev, M. and Arof, Abdul Kariem (2009) Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn(2)O(4) normal and nano powders. Journal of Power Sources, 188 (1). pp. 274-280. ISSN 0378-7753, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.139.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Nano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn(2)O(4) nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoid unwanted chemical reactions that may change the stoichiometry of the material. Nano powders of between 30 and 50 nm are obtained. Structural studies of the nano powders, as well as the more-conventional micron-sized LiMn(2)O(4), are made using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods. Electrochemical evaluation of the materials is undertaken with a three-probe cyclic voltammetry technique and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Structural studies reveal that not only are the crystallites of the nano powders much reduced in size from the normal powders, but their cell parameters are also smaller. The performance characteristics of the nano material show an improvement over that of the micron-sized material by about 17 in the 1st cycle and 70.6 in the 5th cycle, at which the capacity is 132 mAh g(-1). The normal material suffers from severe capacity fading but the nano material shows much improved capacity retention.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Additional Information: | 421XK Times Cited:15 Cited References Count:19 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Nano material, powder diffraction, neutron diffraction, sol-gel, lithium manganese oxide, lithium-ion battery, grain-size, spinel, diffraction, performance. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Mr Jenal S |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Apr 2013 02:43 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2018 07:43 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/5765 |
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