On the accuracy of hiding information metrics: counterfeit protection for education and important certificates

Hmood, A.K. and Kasirun, Zarinah Mohd and Jalab, Hamid Abdullah and Alam, Gazi Mahabubul and Zaidan, A.A. and Zaidan, B.B. (2010) On the accuracy of hiding information metrics: counterfeit protection for education and important certificates. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5 (7). pp. 1054-1062. ISSN 1992-1950,

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Abstract

There are two techniques used to hide information - one is steganography while the other is digital watermarking. The objective of this paper is to investigate the functionality and reliability of using the current metrics, which are used to measure the distortion caused by secret data embedding. These metrics are used to measure the quality of the steganographic or watermarked objects. The signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, root mean square error, histogram and human vision test are the current measurements for the steganographic object. The paper will also discuss the widely used metrics and their limitations. Apart from this, it will also look at how researchers have criticized the metrics and how these metrics are used to measure the quality of steganographic or watermarked objects.

Item Type: Article
Funders: UNSPECIFIED
Additional Information: Hmood, Ali K. Kasirun, Z. M. Jalab, Hamid A. Alam, Gazi Mahabubul Zaidan, A. A. Zaidan, B. B.
Uncontrolled Keywords: Steganography; digital watermarking; SNR; PSNR; MSE; RMSE; histogram; human vision; quality metrics
Subjects: Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology > Department of Software Engineering
Depositing User: Miss Nur Jannatul Adnin Ahmad Shafawi
Date Deposited: 14 Mar 2013 02:09
Last Modified: 11 Nov 2019 01:13
URI: http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/5078

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