Jan, Hammad Ahmad and Saqib, Najm Us and Khusro, Ameer and Sahibzada, Muhammad Umar Khayam and Rauf, Mamoona and Alghamdi, Saad and Almehmadi, Mazen and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin and Bin Emran, Talha and Mohafez, Hamidreza (2022) Synthesis of biodiesel from <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L. oil using TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as a catalyst. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE, 34 (8). ISSN 2213-686X, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102317.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to synthesize Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and assess its catalytic role in the synthesis of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. (a non-edible plant source). Methods: The precipitation approach was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, and the process was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The synthesized biodiesel was analyzed qualitatively through NMR, GC-MS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Result: XRD result showed that the crystal structure of TiO2 nanoparticles was a biphasic mixture of rutile and anatase phases. SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles had size from 42 nm to 58 nm and a surface area of 21-27 m(2)/g. The oil content in the feedstock was 43.9 % with free fatty acids contents of 0.37 mg KOH/g. The suitable condition for optimum yield (95 %) of biodiesel was 1:10 of oil to methanol using 25 g of catalyst at a temperature of 65 degrees C for 80-120 min of reaction time. Results obtained through 1H NMR for methoxy proton at 3.661 ppm, an alpha-methylene proton in triplet from 2.015 to 2.788 ppm, terminal methyl protons at 0.885 to 0.910 ppm, and beta-carbonyl methylene protons from 1.253 to 1.641 ppm confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Similarly, the peaks obtained through FT-IR spectroscopy for methoxycarbonyl at 1740.6 cm (-1) and ether at 1012.6 cm (-1) are the evidence for the validation of transesterification reaction. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis showed peaks for 17 different types of fatty acid methyl esters. Conclusion: The chemical and physical properties of C. tinctorius showed that the oil of C. tinctorius could be a potential non-edible feedstock for the biodiesel industries. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia [TURSP-2020/80], Universiti of Malaya Research Grant [RU013AC-2021] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Green energy; Biodiesel; TiO2; Non-edible feedstock; Carthamus tinctorius L |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Biomedical Engineering Department |
| Depositing User: | Ms Koh Ai Peng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2024 08:22 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2024 08:22 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/46249 |
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