Liang, Shuaibing and Md Sabri, Aznul Qalid and Alnajjar, Fady and Loo, Chu Kiong (2021) Autism spectrum self-stimulatory behaviors classification using explainable temporal coherency deep features and SVM classifier. IEEE Access, 9. pp. 34264-34275. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061455.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a very common disorder. An early diagnosis of autism is essential for the prognosis of this disorder. The common diagnosis method utilizes behavioural cues of autistic children. Doctors require years of clinical training to acquire the ability to capture these behavioural cues (such as self-stimulatory behaviours). In recent years, the advancement of deep learning algorithms and hardware enabled the use of artificial intelligence technology to automatically capture self-stimulatory behaviours. Using this technique, the work efficacy of doctors can be improved. However, the field of self-stimulatory behaviours research still lacks large annotated data to train the model. Therefore, the application of unsupervised machine learning methods is adopted. Meanwhile, it is often difficult to obtain good classification results using unlabelled data, further research to train a model that can obtain good classification results and at the same time being practical will be valuable. Nevertheless, in the area of machine learning, the interpretability of the created model has to be vital as well. Hence, we have employed the Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) method to explain the proposed model. In this article, the major innovation is utilizing the temporal coherency between adjacent frames as free supervision and setting a global discriminative margin to extract slow-changing discriminative self-stimulatory behaviours features. Extensive evaluation of the extracted features has proven the effectiveness of those features. Firstly, the extracted features are classified by the k-means method to show the classification of self-stimulation behaviours in a completely unsupervised way. Then, the conditional entropy method is used to evaluate the effectiveness of features. Secondly, we have obtained the state-of-the-art results by combining the unsupervised TCDN method with optimised supervised learning methods (such as SVM, k-NN, Discriminant). These state-of-the-art results prove the effectiveness of the slow-changing discriminative self-stimulatory behaviours features.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Feature extraction; Autism; Classification algorithms; Hidden Markov models; Data models; Medical services; Adaptation models; Autism spectrum disorder; computational Behavioural analysis; Machine learning; Temporal coherency; Unsupervised deep learning |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science T Technology > T Technology (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Feb 2022 02:35 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Feb 2022 02:39 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/26397 |
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