Windarsih, Anjar and Abu Bakar, Nor Kartini and Dachriyanus, - and Yuliana, Nancy Dewi and Riswanto, Florentinus Dika Octa and Rohman, Abdul (2023) Analysis of pork in beef sausages using LC-orbitrap HRMS untargeted metabolomics combined with chemometrics for halal authentication study. Molecules, 28 (16). ISSN 1420-3049, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28165964.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Beef sausage (BS) is one of the most favored meat products due to its nutrition and good taste. However, for economic purposes, BS is often adulterated with pork by unethical players. Pork consumption is strictly prohibited for religions including Islam and Judaism. Therefore, advanced detection methods are highly required to warrant the halal authenticity of BS. This research aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method to determine the halal authenticity of BS using an untargeted metabolomics approach. LC-HRMS was capable of detecting various metabolites in BS and BS containing pork. The presence of pork in BS could be differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. PLS-DA perfectly classified authentic BS and BS containing pork in all concentration levels of pork with (RX)-X-2 = (0.821), (RY)-Y-2(= 0.984), and Q(2) = (0.795). The level of pork in BS was successfully predicted through partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) chemometrics. Both models gave high R-2 (>0.99) actual and predicted values as well as few errors, indicating good accuracy and precision. Identification of discriminating metabolites' potential as biomarker candidates through variable importance for projections (VIP) value revealed metabolites of 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, D-(+)-galactose, oleamide, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, and a-eleostearic acid as good indicators to detect pork. It can be concluded that LC-HRMS metabolomics combined with PCA, PLS-DA, PLS, and OPLS was successfully used to detect pork adulteration in beef sausages. The results imply that LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics is a promising alternative as an analytical technique to detect pork in sausage products. Further analysis of larger samples is required to warrant the reproducibility.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, Universitas Gadjah Mada [Grant no. 2643/UN1/DITLIT/Dit-Lit/PT.01.03/2023], UK Research and Innovation [Grant no. 133856] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Beef sausages; Pork; LC-HRMS metabolomics; PLS-DA; Halal authentication |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Department of Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Oct 2025 09:21 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Oct 2025 09:21 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/48189 |
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