Sodagar, Aisha and Javed, Rasab and Tahir, Hira and Abd Razak, Saiful Izwan and Shakir, Muhammad and Naeem, Muhammad and Yusof, Abdul Halim Abdul and Sagadevan, Suresh and Hazafa, Abu and Uddin, Jalal and Khan, Ajmal and Al-Harrasi, Ahmed (2022) Pathological features and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and potential therapeutic approaches. Biomolecules, 12 (7). ISSN 2218-273X, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12070971.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The number of deaths has been increased due to COVID-19 infections and uncertain neurological complications associated with the central nervous system. Post-infections and neurological manifestations in neuronal tissues caused by COVID-19 are still unknown and there is a need to explore how brainstorming promoted congenital impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. SARS-CoV-2 neuro-invasion studies in vivo are still rare, despite the fact that other beta-coronaviruses have shown similar properties. Neural (olfactory or vagal) and hematogenous (crossing the blood-brain barrier) pathways have been hypothesized in light of new evidence showing the existence of SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry receptors into the specific components of human nerve and vascular tissue. Spike proteins are the primary key and structural component of the COVID-19 that promotes the infection into brain cells. Neurological manifestations and serious neurodegeneration occur through the binding of spike proteins to ACE2 receptor. The emerging evidence reported that, due to the high rate in the immediate wake of viral infection, the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and brain stem are intensely infected through a trans-synaptic transfer of the virus. It also instructs the release of chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory signals immensely to the blood-brain barrier and infects the astrocytes, which causes neuroinflammation and neuron death; and this induction of excessive inflammation and immune response developed in more neurodegeneration complications. The present review revealed the pathophysiological effects, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of possible entry routes into the brain, pathogenicity of autoantibodies and emerging immunotherapies against COVID-19.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Ministry of Higher Education, Research & Innovation, Oman The Research Council Oman (Grant No: BFP/RGP/HSS/19/198) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Neurological symptoms; SARS-CoV-2; Neuroinflammation; Pathological feathers; Cytokines; Brain; COVID-19; Olfactory bulb; Therapeutic approaches |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RB Pathology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| Divisions: | Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Nov 2023 00:59 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Nov 2023 00:59 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/41669 |
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