Alhaji Mohammed, Mohammed and Basirun, Wan Jeffrey and Abd Rahman, Nor Mas Mira and Salleh, Noordini Mohamad (2022) The effect of particle size of almond shell powders, temperature and time on the extraction of cellulose. Journal Of Natural Fibers, 19 (13). pp. 5577-5587. ISSN 1544-0478, DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1881689.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The extraction of cellulose from almond shell powders was carried out using three different particle sizes (125 µm, 250 µm, and 500 µm) of the powders. The powder samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using an ethanol and methanol volume ratio of 2:1 for 6 hours to remove impurities such as waxes, resins, and dust. The dewaxed product was further hydrolyzed with 10% sodium hydroxide to remove the hemicellulose. The delignification of the hydrolyzed powder extracts was achieved with 10% acidified sodium chlorite. The percentage yield of the pure cellulose extracts for the 125, 250, and 500 µm particle sizes were 25%, 52.2%, and 42.6%, respectively. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin after the chemical treatment. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed a smooth textural surface of the micro-cellulose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated high crystallinity of the cellulose, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated high thermal stability of the cellulose extract. This confirmed that cellulose was successfully extracted from almond shell powders of three different particle sizes which could serve as raw material for nanocellulose extraction.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Federal Government of Nigeria and Management of Federal University of Lafia, Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (Grant no. FP043-2016), Universiti Malaya (Grant no. RF025B-2018) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Almond shell; Cellulose; Delignification; Lignin; Thermal analysis |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Department of Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jun 2025 03:19 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jun 2025 03:19 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/40700 |
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