Ma, Yik-Ken and Alomar, Taghrid S. S. and AlMasoud, Najla and El-Bahy, Zeinhom M. M. and Chia, Stephen and Daou, T. Jean and Khoerunnisa, Fitri and Ling, Tau Chuan and Ng, Eng-Poh (2023) Effects of synthesis variables on SAPO-34 crystallization templated using pyridinium supramolecule and its catalytic activity in microwave esterification synthesis of propyl levulinate. Catalysts, 13 (4). ISSN 2073-4344, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13040680.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
A detailed investigation of the hydrothermal crystallization of SAPO-34 in the presence of the novel 1-propylpyridinium hydroxide (PrPy]OH) organic structural directing agent is presented. The synthesis conditions are systematically tuned to investigate the effects of various parameters (viz. concentrations of each reactant, crystallization time, and temperature) on the nucleation and crystallization of SAPO-34. The results show that a careful variation in each of the synthesis parameters results in the formation of competing phases such as SAPO-5, SAPO-35, and SAPO-36. Pure and fully crystalline SAPO-34 can be crystallized using a precursor hydrogel of a molar ratio of 2.0 Al: 4.7 P: 0.9 Si: 6.7 PrPy]OH: 148 H2O at 200 degrees C for only 19 h, which is a shorter time than that found in previous studies. The prepared SAPO-34 is also very active in the esterification of levulinic acid and 1-propanol. By using microwave heating, 91.5% conversion with 100% selectivity toward propyl levulinate is achieved within 20 min at 190 degrees C. Hence, the present study may open a new insight into the optimum synthesis study of other zeolites using novel pyridinium organic moieties and the opportunity of replacing conventional harmful and non-recyclable homogeneous catalysts in levulinate biofuel synthesis.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, rincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University [Grant No: PNURSP2023R47] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SAPO-34; Zeolites; Crystallization; Esterification; Propyl levulinate |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Institute of Biological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Ms Zaharah Ramly |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Nov 2024 03:00 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Nov 2024 03:00 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/38350 |
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