Ahsan, Abdillah and Wiyono, Nur Hadi and Veruswati, Meita and Adani, Nadhila and Kusuma, Dian and Amalia, Nadira (2020) Comparison of tobacco import and tobacco control in five countries: Lessons learned for Indonesia. Globalization and Health, 16 (1). ISSN 1744-8603, DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00595-y.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Background With a 264 million population and the second highest male smoking prevalence in the world, Indonesia hosted over 60 million smokers in 2018. However, the government still has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In the meantime, tobacco import increases rapidly in Indonesia. These create a double, public health and economic burden for Indonesia's welfare. Objective Our study analyzed the trend of tobacco import in five countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Also, we analyze the tobacco control policies implemented in these countries and determine some lessons learn for Indonesia. Methods We conducted quantitative analyses on tobacco production, consumption, export, and import during 1990-2016 in the five countries. Data were analyzed using simple ordinary least square regressions, correcting for time series autocorrelation. We also conducted a desk review on the tobacco control policies implemented in the five countries. Results While local production decreased by almost 20% during 1990-2016, the proportion of tobacco imports out of domestic production quadrupled from 17 to 65%. Similarly, the ratio of tobacco imports to exports reversed from 0.7 (i.e., exports were higher) to 2.9 (i.e., import were 2.9 times higher than export) in 1990 and 2016, respectively. This condition is quite different from the other four respective countries in the observation where their tobacco export is higher than the import. From the tobacco control point of view, the four other countries have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Conclusion The situation is unlikely for Indonesia to either reduce tobacco consumption or improve the local tobacco farmer's welfare, considering that the number of imports continued to increase. Emulating from the four countries, Indonesia must ratify the FCTC and implement stricter tobacco control policies to decrease tobacco consumption and import.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | None |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Tobacco import; Tobacco control; Indonesia |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Business and Economics |
| Depositing User: | Ms Zaharah Ramly |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Oct 2024 13:53 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Oct 2024 13:53 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/36537 |
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