Ooi, Hui Khim and Koh, Xin Ning and Ong, Hwai Chyuan and Lee, Hwei Voon and Mastuli, Mohd Sufri and Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin and Alharthi, Fahad A. and Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Ali and Mijan, Nurul Asikin (2021) Progress on modified calcium oxide derived waste-shell catalysts for biodiesel production. Catalysts, 11 (2). ISSN 2073-4344, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020194.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The dwindling of global petroleum deposits and worsening environmental issues have triggered researchers to find an alternative energy such as biodiesel. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyst at an economical price has been studied widely for biodiesel production. It was noted that various types of natural waste shell are a potential calcium resource for generation of bio-based CaO, with comparable chemical characteristics, that greatly enhance the transesterification activity. However, CaO catalyzed transesterification is limited in its stability and studies have shown deterioration of catalytic reactivity when the catalyst is reused for several cycles. For this reason, different approaches are reviewed in the present study, which focuses on modification of waste-shell derived CaO based catalyst with the aim of better transesterification reactivity and high reusability of the catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst stability and leaching profile of the modified waste shell derived CaO is discussed. In addition, a critical discussion of the structure, composition of the waste shell, mechanism of CaO catalyzed reaction, recent progress in biodiesel reactor systems and challenges in the industrial sector are also included in this review.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Galakan Penyelidik Muda (GGPM)[GGPM-2020-015], University of Malaya's Research Grant:MOHE-Top 100 (IIRG)-IISS[IIRG002A-2020IISS], International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University[ISPP-142] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | biodiesel; transesterification; waste-shell; heterogenous catalyst; green catalyst; alternative fuel |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office > Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre |
| Depositing User: | Ms Zaharah Ramly |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2022 06:55 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Sep 2022 06:55 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/34241 |
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