Ma, Yik-Ken and Chia, Stephen and Daou, T. Jean and Khoerunnisa, Fitri and El-Bahy, Salah M. and El-Bahy, Zeinhom M. and Ling, Tau Chuan and Ng, Eng-Poh (2022) SAPO-34 crystallized using novel pyridinium template as highly active catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate biofuel. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 333. ISSN 1387-1811, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111754.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Silicoaluminophosphate Number 34 (SAPO-34) crystallized using novel N-heterocyclic organic template-1-propylpyridinium hydroxide (PPy]OH)-as an excellent catalyst for the production of ethyl levulinate biofuel is reported. First, the time-dependent crystallization study of SAPO-34 using various spectroscopy, microscopy and analytical techniques is performed and it reveals that the precursor undergoes several important crystallization steps, namely dissolution of reactants (induction), nucleation and crystal growth of SAPO-34, before it transforms into a more metastable SAPO-36 crystalline phase. The resulting SAPO-34 solid (Si0.198Al0.475P0.327O2) exhibits high porosity (S-BET = 673 m(2)/g, V-Tot = 0.27 cm(3)/g) and high Si content (Si/(Si + Al + P) = 0.198) which contribute to high surface acidity (2.52 mmol/g) as confirmed by the NH3-TPD analysis. The SAPO-34 catalyst shows 93.4% conversion to ethyl levulinate via esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol just within 20 min at 190 degrees C under non-microwave instant heating, which is considered very fast as compared to other systems. In addition, high catalyst recyclability is observed even after fifth cycle of reaction, thus offering another promising pathway for crystallizing zeolites using this new class of template that are beneficial for catalytic biofuel upgrading process.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SAPO-34; 1-Propylpyridinium hydroxide; Levulinic acid; Ethyl levulinate; Biofuel; Non-microwave instant heating |
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Institute of Biological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2022 06:26 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2022 06:26 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/33312 |
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