Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad and Ilham, Zul and Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman and Rowan, Neil (2021) Use of Zebrafish Embryo Assay to Evaluate Toxicity and Safety of Bioreactor-Grown Exopolysaccharides and Endopolysaccharides from European Ganoderma applanatum Mycelium for Future Aquaculture Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (4). p. 1675. ISSN 1661-6596, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041675.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Natural mycelial exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS) extracted from bioreactor-cultivated European Ganoderma applanatum mushrooms are of potential high commercial value for both food and adjacent biopharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate their potential toxicity for aquaculture application, both EPS (0.01–10 mg/mL) and ENS (0.01–10 mg/mL) extracts were tested for Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZFET); early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) were also analyzed between 24 and 120 h post-fertilization (HPF). Both EPS and ENS are considered non-toxic with LC50 of 1.41 mg/mL and 0.87 mg/mL respectively. Both EPS and ENS did not delay hatching and teratogenic defect towards ZE with <1.0 mg/mL, respectively. No significant changes in the ZE heart rate were detected following treatment with the two compounds tested (EPS: 0.01–10 mg/mL: 176.44 ± 0.77 beats/min and ENS: 0.01–10 mg/mL: 148.44 ± 17.75 beats/min) compared to normal ZE (120–180 beats/min). These initial findings support future pre-clinical trials in adult fish models with view to safely using EPS and ENS as potential feed supplements for supplements for development of the aquaculture industry. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Universiti Malaya under the Research University Grant-Faculty Program GPF084A-2020, MOHE-Top 100 (IIRG)-IISS: IIRG003A-2020IISS, H2020 MSCA RISE ICHTHYS project [number 872217/19] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ganoderma applanatum; exopolysaccharide; endopolysaccharide; zebrafish; toxicology |
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QH Natural history |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Institute of Biological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 04 May 2021 01:00 |
| Last Modified: | 04 May 2021 01:00 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/25944 |
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