Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: An international multisite study

Bauer, M. and Glenn, T. and Alda, M. and Andreassen, O.A. and Angelopoulos, E. and Ardau, R. and Baethge, C. and Bauer, R. and Bellivier, F. and Belmaker, R.H. and Hatim, A. (2014) Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: An international multisite study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 167. pp. 104-111. ISSN 0165-0327, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.032.

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Abstract

Background: The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode. Methods: Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations. Results: There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California. Limitations: Recall bias for onset and family history data. Conclusions: A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.

Item Type:	Article
Funders:	UNSPECIFIED
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bipolar disorder; Age of onset; Sunlight; Insolation
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine
Depositing User:	Ms Haslinda Lahuddin
Date Deposited:	18 Jul 2014 00:17
Last Modified:	18 Jul 2014 00:17
URI:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/10968

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