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Journal List > Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online > v.64(Pt 3); Mar 1, 2008

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Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2008 March 1; 64(Pt 3): o555.
Published online 2008 February 6. doi: 10.1107/S1600536808003164.
PMCID: PMC2960762
Copyright © Rizal et al. 2008
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde azine
Mohd. Razali Rizal,a Hapipah M. Ali,a and Seik Weng Nga*
aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Correspondence e-mail: seikweng/at/um.edu.my
Received January 22, 2008; Accepted January 28, 2008.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, C18H14N4, lies on a center of inversion such that there is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The N—N single bond adopts a trans configuration and the indole fused-ring system is nearly coplanar with the –CH=N—N=CH– fragment [dihedral angle = 9.8 (2)°]. Adjacent mol­ecules are linked by indole–azine N—H[cdots, three dots, centered]N hydrogen bonds into a layer motif.
Related literature
For the synthesis, see: Alemany et al. (1970 [triangle]); Swaminathan & Narasimhan (1964 [triangle]). For the crystal structures of some aromatic azines, for example, benzalazine, see: Burke-Laing & Laing (1976 [triangle]); Mom & de With (1978 [triangle]); Sinha, 1970 [triangle]). For other heterocyclic aldehyde azines, see: Lin et al. (2001a [triangle],b [triangle]); Wu et al. (2006 [triangle]).
Click on image to enlarge
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is e-64-0o555-scheme1.jpg Object name is e-64-0o555-scheme1.jpg
Crystal data
  • C18H14N4
  • M r = 286.33
  • Monoclinic, An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is e-64-0o555-efi1.jpg
  • a = 5.0849 (2) Å
  • b = 10.6708 (4) Å
  • c = 13.4435 (5) Å
  • β = 94.366 (3)°
  • V = 727.33 (5) Å3
  • Z = 2
  • Mo Kα radiation
  • μ = 0.08 mm−1
  • T = 295 (2) K
  • 0.33 × 0.27 × 0.17 mm
Data collection
  • Bruker APEX2 diffractometer
  • Absorption correction: none
  • 5388 measured reflections
  • 1659 independent reflections
  • 1085 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
  • R int = 0.038
Refinement
  • R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.042
  • wR(F 2) = 0.121
  • S = 1.01
  • 1659 reflections
  • 105 parameters
  • H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
  • Δρmax = 0.17 e Å−3
  • Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007 [triangle]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2007 [triangle]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 [triangle]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 [triangle]); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001 [triangle]); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2008 [triangle]).
​
Table 1
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
Supplementary Material
Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808003164/fl2186sup1.cif
Click here to view.(16K, cif)
Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808003164/fl2186Isup2.hkl
Click here to view.(82K, hkl)
Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
Acknowledgments
We thank the Science Fund (12–02-03–2031) for supporting this study, and the University of Malaya for the purchase of the diffractometer.
supplementary crystallographic information
Comment
Azines are readily synthesized by condensing hydrazine with an aldehyde; the crystal structures of a large number of substituted benzaldehdye azines have been reported. The structure of the parent aromatic compound, benzalazine, has been known for a long time (Burke-Laing & Laing, 1976; Mom & de With, 1978; Sinha, 1970). There are few examples of heterocyclic azines, and their rarity can be attributed to the difficulty of synthesizing the starting aldehyde reactant. Among the few are, for example, unsubstituted and methyl-subsituted thiophene-2-aldehyde azine (Lin et al., 2001a, 2001b) and a pyrrole derivative has recently been reported (Wu et al., 2006).
3-Indole azine has been known for some time; it was first synthesized from indole-3-carboxaldehyde and hydrazine in order to examine its psychopharmacological activity (Alemany et al., 1970; Swaminathan Narasimhan, 1964). The title compound was the unexpected decomposition product of the Schiff base derived from the condensation of carbohydrazide and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. The molecule (Scheme I, Fig. 1) lies about a center-of-inversion such that there is half a molecule in the asymmetric unit. The N–N single-bond adopts a trans configuration and the indolyl fused-ring is nearly coplanar with the –CH=N–N=CH– fragment. Adjacent molecules are linked by an N–Hindole···Nazine hydrogen bonds into layer motif (Fig. 2).
Experimental
The reaction of carbohydrazide (0.3 g, 3.3 mmol) and indole -3-carboxaldehyde (1 g, 6.6 mmol) in ethanol under reflux for 2 h gave the corresponding Schiff base. This compound (0.2 g, 0.6 mmol), zinc acetate (0.06 g,0.3 mmol) and several drops of triethylamine were dissolved in 10 ml e thanol. The contents were heated in a 25-ml, stainless-steel Paar bomb for for 2 d at 373 K. The bomb was cooled to room temperature over several hours. Well formed crystals were isolated from the cooled bomb.
Refinement
Carbon-bound H-atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H 0.93 Å) and were included in the refinement in the riding model approximation, with U(H) set to 1.2U(C). The amino H-atom was located in a difference Fourier map, and was freely refined.
Figures
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Displacement ellipsoid plot of (I) at the 50% probability level. H atoms are drawn as spheres of arbitrary radiius.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Layer structure of (I).
Crystal data
C18H14N4F000 = 300
Mr = 286.33Dx = 1.307 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 1012 reflections
a = 5.0849 (2) Åθ = 2.3–23.6º
b = 10.6708 (4) ŵ = 0.08 mm−1
c = 13.4435 (5) ÅT = 295 (2) K
β = 94.366 (3)ºIrregular block, green–yellow
V = 727.33 (5) Å30.33 × 0.27 × 0.17 mm
Z = 2
Data collection
Bruker APEX2 diffractometer1085 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.038
Monochromator: graphiteθmax = 27.5º
T = 295(2) Kθmin = 2.4º
[var phi] and ω scansh = −6→6
Absorption correction: nonek = −9→13
5388 measured reflectionsl = −17→17
1659 independent reflections
Refinement
Refinement on F2Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: fullH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042  w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0645P)2 + ] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
wR(F2) = 0.121(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
S = 1.01Δρmax = 0.17 e Å−3
1659 reflectionsΔρmin = −0.16 e Å−3
105 parametersExtinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.016 (6)
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2)
xyzUiso*/Ueq
N10.4730 (3)0.8059 (1)0.1978 (1)0.0484 (4)
N20.4464 (2)0.5165 (1)0.4519 (1)0.0422 (4)
C10.2718 (3)0.7222 (1)0.1726 (1)0.0425 (4)
C20.1064 (3)0.7130 (2)0.0860 (1)0.0538 (5)
C3−0.0787 (3)0.6201 (2)0.0817 (1)0.0579 (5)
C4−0.1034 (4)0.5384 (2)0.1612 (1)0.0546 (4)
C50.0606 (3)0.5473 (1)0.2473 (1)0.0454 (4)
C60.2548 (3)0.6396 (1)0.2540 (1)0.0388 (4)
C70.4578 (3)0.6773 (1)0.3285 (1)0.0400 (4)
C80.5819 (3)0.7783 (1)0.2901 (1)0.0466 (4)
C90.5376 (3)0.6213 (1)0.4228 (1)0.0411 (4)
H10.524 (3)0.865 (2)0.159 (1)0.062 (5)*
H20.12100.76800.03300.065*
H3−0.19110.61110.02430.070*
H4−0.23290.47670.15610.065*
H50.04190.49260.30020.054*
H80.72150.82170.32280.056*
H90.66190.66290.46500.049*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
N10.061 (1)0.041 (1)0.043 (1)−0.002 (1)0.005 (1)0.012 (1)
N20.063 (1)0.036 (1)0.027 (1)−0.001 (1)−0.003 (1)0.001 (1)
C10.049 (1)0.039 (1)0.039 (1)0.006 (1)0.006 (1)0.005 (1)
C20.062 (1)0.058 (1)0.040 (1)0.007 (1)−0.001 (1)0.014 (1)
C30.060 (1)0.065 (1)0.047 (1)0.005 (1)−0.008 (1)0.003 (1)
C40.054 (1)0.050 (1)0.059 (1)−0.003 (1)−0.001 (1)0.000 (1)
C50.052 (1)0.040 (1)0.045 (1)0.003 (1)0.006 (1)0.004 (1)
C60.046 (1)0.035 (1)0.036 (1)0.007 (1)0.007 (1)0.003 (1)
C70.052 (1)0.034 (1)0.034 (1)0.004 (1)0.004 (1)0.001 (1)
C80.059 (1)0.040 (1)0.041 (1)−0.002 (1)0.001 (1)0.003 (1)
C90.056 (1)0.036 (1)0.032 (1)−0.003 (1)−0.001 (1)−0.003 (1)
Geometric parameters (Å, °)
N1—C81.351 (2)C6—C71.440 (2)
N1—C11.381 (2)C7—C81.370 (2)
N2—C91.283 (2)C7—C91.432 (2)
N2—N2i1.409 (2)N1—H10.87 (2)
C1—C21.387 (2)C2—H20.9300
C1—C61.412 (2)C3—H30.9300
C2—C31.365 (2)C4—H40.9300
C3—C41.393 (2)C5—H50.9300
C4—C51.377 (2)C8—H80.9300
C5—C61.393 (2)C9—H90.9300
C8—N1—C1109.2 (1)N2—C9—C7123.4 (1)
C9—N2—N2i112.0 (1)C8—N1—H1126 (1)
N1—C1—C2129.9 (1)C1—N1—H1125 (1)
N1—C1—C6107.6 (1)C3—C2—H2121.4
C2—C1—C6122.5 (2)C1—C2—H2121.4
C3—C2—C1117.3 (2)C2—C3—H3119.2
C2—C3—C4121.7 (2)C4—C3—H3119.2
C5—C4—C3121.2 (2)C5—C4—H4119.4
C4—C5—C6118.9 (1)C3—C4—H4119.4
C5—C6—C1118.5 (1)C4—C5—H5120.5
C5—C6—C7135.2 (1)C6—C5—H5120.5
C1—C6—C7106.3 (1)N1—C8—H8124.8
C8—C7—C9123.7 (1)C7—C8—H8124.8
C8—C7—C6106.5 (1)N2—C9—H9118.3
C9—C7—C6129.7 (1)C7—C9—H9118.3
N1—C8—C7110.5 (1)
C8—N1—C1—C2−179.5 (2)C2—C1—C6—C7179.4 (1)
C8—N1—C1—C60.5 (2)C5—C6—C7—C8−178.6 (2)
N1—C1—C2—C3−179.6 (2)C1—C6—C7—C80.5 (2)
C6—C1—C2—C30.4 (2)C5—C6—C7—C95.1 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C40.7 (3)C1—C6—C7—C9−175.9 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C5−0.7 (3)C1—N1—C8—C7−0.2 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C6−0.3 (2)C9—C7—C8—N1176.5 (1)
C4—C5—C6—C11.3 (2)C6—C7—C8—N1−0.2 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C7−179.7 (2)N2i—N2—C9—C7−178.9 (1)
N1—C1—C6—C5178.6 (1)C8—C7—C9—N2−169.5 (1)
C2—C1—C6—C5−1.4 (2)C6—C7—C9—N26.3 (3)
N1—C1—C6—C7−0.6 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···N2ii0.87 (2)2.21 (2)3.065 (2)167 (2)
Symmetry codes: (ii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2.
 
Supplementary data and figures for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: FL2186).
References
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  • Burke-Laing, M. & Laing, M. (1976). Acta Cryst. B32, 3216–3224.
  • Lin, C.-J., Hwang, W.-S. & Chiang, M. J. (2001a). J. Organomet. Chem.640, 85–92.
  • Lin, C.-J., Hwang, W.-S. & Chiang, M. J. (2001b). Polyhedron, 20, 3257–3264.
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  • Westrip, S. P. (2008). publCIF In preparation.
  • Wu, C.-Y., Chen, Y., Jing, S.-Y., Lee, C.-S., Dinda, J. & Hwang, W.-S. (2006). Polyhedron, 25, 3053–3065.
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