Aziz, H.A. and Aroua, M.K. and Yusoff, R. and Abas, N.A. and Idris, Z. and Hassan, H.A. (2016) Production of Palm-Based Esteramine Through Heterogeneous Catalysis. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 19 (1). pp. 11-18. ISSN 1097-3958, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1736-0.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
This study involved maximizing the conversion of palm-based methyl palmitate to esteramine, an intermediate for esterquats via transesterification with triethanolamine, aided by Ca-Al as a heterogeneous catalyst in a 500-ml reaction unit. The effect of process parameters on the conversion was investigated. The optimum process parameters, consisting of a mole ratio of 1.8:1 (methyl palmitate:triethanolamine), 170 °C, 10 mbar, 0.5 % catalyst and a duration of 2 h, produced more than 90 % conversion. Transesterification employing Ca-Al is more environmentally friendly than the conventional approach using sodium methoxide, simplifies the downstream separation process and the reusability of the catalyst was successfully tested in three subsequent cycles.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Esteramine; Transesterification; Methyl palmitate; Heterogeneous catalyst; Esterquats |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2017 03:17 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Dec 2017 03:17 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/18408 |
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