Aziz, Haliza Abdul and Yusoff, Rozita and Cheng, Ngoh Gek and Idris, Zainab and Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah (2023) Production of N-methyldiethanolamine di-ester via heterogeneous transesterification of palm methyl ester over modified calcium oxide catalyst by metal oxides. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 26 (4). pp. 477-490. ISSN 1097-3958, DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12648.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The production cycle of the heterogeneous catalyzed-transesterification of methyl ester and alkanolamine for the production of esterquats precursor can be considered as a cleaner and sustainable process. This process is an important alternative route as opposed to the conventional homogeneous catalysis as it can eliminates the formation of wastewater, consumes less toxic chemical and reduce the production cost through catalyst reuse. Calcium oxide (CaO)-based catalysts which include pure CaO and modified CaO by other metal oxides were employed in this study for the production of alkanolamine ester, a precursor of esterquats. The basicity and textural properties of these catalysts were characterized using TPD-CO2 and N-2 physisorption, respectively. Transesterification activity of CaO-based catalysts successfully showed a high di-ester yield of more than 85% at 160 degrees C, 80 mbar, 4 wt% of catalyst dosage, 6 h reaction time, methyl palmitate to N-methyldiethanolamine mole ratio of 2:1 and agitation speed of 150 rpm. ZnO/CaO catalyst rendered the best durability characteristic as it exhibited constant activities for three subsequent runs with 85% di-ester yield. ZnO/CaO showed high catalytic activity similar to pure CaO catalyst with low leaching of Ca active phase and better reusability than that of pure CaO catalyst, that shows loss of its activity after the first cycle.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | MPOB |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CaO-based catalyst; di-ester; N-methyldiethanolamine ester; transesterification |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Sep 2025 01:49 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Sep 2025 01:49 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/50519 |
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