Mulkan, Andi and Mohd Zulkifli, Nurin Wahidah and Husin, Husni and Dahlan, Irvan and Syafiie, S. (2023) Development of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel waste as a new solid catalyst: Biodiesel synthesis, optimization and characterization. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 177. pp. 152-168. ISSN 0957-5820, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.07.021.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
This study aims to develop and convert jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel waste (JPW) into a new solid catalyst suitable for biodiesel synthesis. The calcination process of JPW ash was carried out for 2 h at various temperatures ranging from 500, 600, 700, and 800 degrees C, and the results showed that ash calcined under 500 degrees C produced the highest yield of 92.38%. Based on the characterization result, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were significant components in the prepared catalyst. These components are desirable in biodiesel synthesis, making the catalyst a promising candidate for this process. The response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis process include an oil-methanol molar ratio of 1:9, a catalyst weight of 12% (w/w), a reaction time of 105 min, and a constant temperature of 65 degrees C, yielding a methyl ester content of 98.88%. The reusability result indicated that the JPW catalyst could be used three times with the highest yield of 93.33%. Moreover, the WCO biodiesel properties were analyzed and found to fulfill ASTM D 6751 requirements. This study demonstrated that JPW can be successfully employed as a solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Aceh Province Government, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi [Grant no.561/UN11.2.1/PT.01.03/DPRM/2023] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Heterogeneous catalyst; Jackfruit peel waste; Optimization; RSM; Transesterification; WCO |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Oct 2025 04:17 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2025 04:17 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/48699 |
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