Anthropomorphism according to Al-Ghazali (d. 1111) and Maimonides (d. 1204): A comparative discourse

Senin, Nurhanisah and Mohd Khambali@Hambali, Khadijah and Ramli, Wan Adli Wan and Misra, Mustafa Kamal Amat and Ismail, Nazneen (2023) Anthropomorphism according to Al-Ghazali (d. 1111) and Maimonides (d. 1204): A comparative discourse. HTS Teologiese Studies-Theological Studies, 79 (1). ISSN 0259-9422, DOI https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8264.

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Abstract

The existence of `human-like' attributes and actions in the Qur'an and Hebrew Bible entails to various interpretations towards anthropomorphic verses among the Muslim and Jewish counterparts. Al-Ghazali and Maimonides in their discourses strongly affirmed the unity of God and refuted anthropomorphism. Therefore, this study expounded al-Ghazali and Maimonides' methods in affirming the incorporeality of God through outlining the similarities and differences in their interpretation. This study was qualitative in nature which analyses writings of al-Ghazali and Maimonides in encountering anthropomorphism. It can be deduced that both scholars were found to be employing allegorical interpretation with different level of interpretations in their attempts to repudiate the corporeal form of God. Alternatively, they both agree on the literalist's approach with conditions that one must not perceive God's essence in a bodily figure. Consequently, believing so will lead one to heresy. In sum, their emphasis on an incorporeal God brought them to similar interpretation despite their different religion and theological or philosophical orientation. Contribution: This article contributed to comparative theological study in understanding anthropomorphic verses through the discourse of al-Ghazali and Maimonides in Islam and Judaism, respectively.

Item Type: Article
Funders: None
Uncontrolled Keywords: Anthropomorphism; Al-Ghazali; Maimonides; Incorporeality; Comparative analysis
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BL Religion
Divisions: Academy of Islamic Studies
Depositing User: Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim
Date Deposited: 06 Oct 2025 13:32
Last Modified: 06 Oct 2025 13:32
URI: http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/48277

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