A review on silicon photovoltaic module degradations and recent identification techniques

Hasan, Abdulwahab A. Q. and Zuhdi, A. W. Mahmood and Al-Ghaili, Abbas M. and Al-Shetwi, Ali Q. and Islam, Mohammad Aminul and Sankar, K. Prajindra and Gunasekaran, Saraswathy Shamini (2025) A review on silicon photovoltaic module degradations and recent identification techniques. Solar Energy, 288. ISSN 0038-092X, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.113288.

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Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been deployed at an unprecedented rate due to the growing worldwide demand for clean energy. Nevertheless, the most significant challenge is ensuring that these PV systems, particularly the PV modules, function effectively over the long term. This review investigates the degradation of different silicon solar PV technologies, including bifacial cells, focusing on recently introduced technologies such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) cells and silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) cells. Additionally, it examines recent advancements in failure and degradation identification techniques used in the solar PV industry. Various analytical and experimental studies were reviewed to develop a solid understanding of the approaches used to analyze solar PV degradation, including field monitoring and accelerated aging experiments. Our analysis identifies UV exposure and damp heat as key contributors to module degradation in recently developed PV technologies, such as TOPCon and SHJ. Furthermore, the findings suggest that integrating the scanning I-V curve function into PV inverters and the capability of advanced EL imaging during daylight show significant promise in detecting and quantifying degradation at early stages. A new correlation between environmental factors, such as lightning, and the degradation of PV modules caused by it is discussed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of silicon PV module degradation and diagnostic methods, highlighting the need for greater focus on external factors that accelerate degradation mechanisms. The review also emphasizes the pressing need for more extensive degradation investigations for emerging PV technologies, as current research is limited, and only a few tests have been conducted.

Item Type: Article
Funders: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) fund [Grant No: JPT.S (BPKI) 2000/016/018/015JId.4 (21) /2022003HICOE], Dato' Low Tuck Kwong International Grant [Grant No: 20238008DLTK], Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) through the BOLD Refresh Publication Fund through the Centre of Excellence [Grant No: J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025], Tan Sri Leo Moggie Chair of Energy Informatics Publication Fund [Grant No: 20211EICHAIR]
Uncontrolled Keywords: Degradation; Identification; Energy; Solar Panels; Characterization; Failures; PV modules; Faults
Subjects: T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering > Department of Electrical Engineering
Depositing User: Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim
Date Deposited: 01 Oct 2025 07:52
Last Modified: 01 Oct 2025 07:52
URI: http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/47988

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