Tan, Chiat Oon and Shigenobu, Ogata and Ng, Siew-Cheok and Yap, Hwa Jen and Usop, Zuriani and Fauthan, Mohd `Akashah and Mahalil, Khairuddin and Liew, Shaer Jin (2025) Machine learning based density estimation of light red meranti (Shorea spp.): a segmented approach to multiple regression of self-organising maps colour clusters using custom made `KayuSort' colour sorting software. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 83 (1). p. 28. ISSN 0018-3768, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-024-02188-7.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Wood density is an important characteristic of wood which correlates to its strength. This study proposes an algorithm using multiple regression on pre-segmented colour images of the wood to estimate the density of light red meranti (Shorea spp.) (LRM). Two batches of LRM timber were randomly selected from a factory (Batch 1: 119 samples, Batch 2: 79 samples). Timber samples were kiln-dried, free of sapwood and major visual defects, and freshly surfaced 2 sides. The apparent density and moisture content (MC) of each timber sample were measured. The samples were then imaged and colour-sorted using KayuSort, an in-house industrial timber colour sorting prototype that uses the self-organising map (SOM) algorithm. Otsu thresholding was applied to several different colour space components to obtain features. Multiple regression was applied to obtain an equation to estimate the density of the wood. Coefficients of determination (R2\textbackslashdocumentclass12pt]{minimal} \textbackslashusepackage{amsmath} \textbackslashusepackage{wasysym} \textbackslashusepackage{amsfonts} \textbackslashusepackage{amssymb} \textbackslashusepackage{amsbsy} \textbackslashusepackage{mathrsfs} \textbackslashusepackage{upgreek} \textbackslashsetlength{\textbackslashoddsidemargin}{-69pt} \textbackslashbegin{document}$$\textbackslashhbox {R}<\^>{2}$$\textbackslashend{document}) and 95%\textbackslashdocumentclass12pt]{minimal} \textbackslashusepackage{amsmath} \textbackslashusepackage{wasysym} \textbackslashusepackage{amsfonts} \textbackslashusepackage{amssymb} \textbackslashusepackage{amsbsy} \textbackslashusepackage{mathrsfs} \textbackslashusepackage{upgreek} \textbackslashsetlength{\textbackslashoddsidemargin}{-69pt} \textbackslashbegin{document}$$\textbackslash%$$\textbackslas hend{document} Limits of Agreement (LoA) were used to assess performance. Performing colour segmentation to the dataset using KayuSort for average YCbCr\textbackslashdocumentclass12pt]{minimal} \textbackslashusepackage{amsmath} \textbackslashusepackage{wasysym} \textbackslashusepackage{amsfonts} \textbackslashusepackage{amssymb} \textbackslashusepackage{amsbsy} \textbackslashusepackage{mathrsfs} \textbackslashusepackage{upgreek} \textbackslashsetlength{\textbackslashoddsidemargin}{-69pt} \textbackslashbegin{document}$$\textbackslashtext {YC}_b{\textbackslashtext{C}}_r$$\textbackslashend{docume nt} colour space scored an R2\textbackslashdocumentclass12pt]{minimal} \textbackslashusepackage{amsmath} \textbackslashusepackage{wasysym} \textbackslashusepackage{amsfonts} \textbackslashusepackage{amssymb} \textbackslashusepackage{amsbsy} \textbackslashusepackage{mathrsfs} \textbackslashusepackage{upgreek} \textbackslashsetlength{\textbackslashoddsidemargin}{-69pt} \textbackslashbegin{document}$$\textbackslashhbox {R}<\^>{2}$$\textbackslashend{document} of 0.7109 and an LoA of +/- 146.8 kgm-3\textbackslashdocumentclass12pt]{minimal} \textbackslashusepackage{amsmath} \textbackslashusepackage{wasysym} \textbackslashusepackage{amsfonts} \textbackslashusepackage{amssymb} \textbackslashusepackage{amsbsy} \textbackslashusepackage{mathrsfs} \textbackslashusepackage{upgreek} \textbackslashsetlength{\textbackslashoddsidemargin}{-69pt} \textbackslashbegin{document}$$\textbackslashhbox {kgm}<\^>{-3}$$\textbackslashend{document}. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the density of LRM using colour features of the wood using KayuSort, with the caveat that timber is kiln-dried to under 15% MC, freshly surfaced, without major defects and sapwood, and within the thickness range of 26.9 to 30.6
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Malaysian Timber Industry Board |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering > Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Mar 2025 00:53 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Mar 2025 00:53 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/47704 |
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