Hayyan, Adeeb and Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi and Putra, Sharifah Shahira Syed and Alanazi, Yousef Mohammed and Saleh, Jehad and Nor, Mohd Roslan Mohd and Hashim, Mohd Ali and Sen Gupta, Bhaskar (2024) Evaluation of biodegradability, toxicity and ecotoxicity of organic acid-based deep eutectic solvents. Science of the Total Environment, 948. p. 174758. ISSN 0048-9697, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174758.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Over the past decade, deep eutectic systems (DES) have become popular, yet their potential toxicity to living organisms is not well understood. This study fills this gap by examining the toxicity, antibacterial activity and biodegradability of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA)-based DESs prepared from ammonium or phosphonium salts. Brine shrimp assays revealed varying toxicity levels of PTSA and salts. Allyltriphenylphosphonium bromide showing the longest survival time among all tested salts while PTSA exhibited a significantly longer duration of cell survival compared to other hydrogen bond donors. PTSA and ammonium salts (N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride and choline chloride) as individual components showed non-toxic behavior for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria while different PTSA-based DESs showed significant inhibition zones. Fish acute ecotoxicity tests indicated moderately toxicity for individual components and DESs, though higher concentrations increased fish mortality, highlighting the need for careful handling and disposal of PTSA-based DESs to the environment. Biodegradability analyses found all tested DESs to be readily biodegradable and it was reported that, DES 3 prepapred form PTSA and choline chloride has the highest biodegradability level. Notably, all tested DESs showed over 60 % biodegradability after 28 days. This groundbreaking study explores PTSA-based DESs, highlighting their biodegradability and potential use as antibacterial agents. Results revealed that PTSA as individual component is much better from toxicity point of view in comparison with PTSAbased DESs for any further industrial applications.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | King Saud University (RSP2024R511) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Deep eutectic solvent; Antimicrobial; Ecotoxicity; Biodegradable |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Academy of Islamic Studies Faculty of Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Mar 2025 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Mar 2025 07:19 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/46777 |
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