Bruce, R.D. and Govindasamy, S. and Sylla, L. and Kamarulzaman, A. and Altice, F.L. (2009) Lack of reduction in buprenorphine injection after introduction of co-formulated buprenorphine/naloxone to the Malaysian market. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35 (2). pp. 68-72. ISSN 0095-2990,
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Lack_of_Reduction_in_Buprenorphine_Injection_After_Introduction_of_Co-Formulated_Buprenorphine-Naloxone_to_the_Malaysian_Market.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (33kB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Background: Diversion of buprenorphine (BPN) has been described in settings where it is legally prescribed and has resulted in increasing concern. To address this concern, co-formulation of buprenorphine/naloxone (BPN/NLX) replaced buprenorphine alone in Malaysia in December 2006. Methods: To assess the significance of BPN/NLX introduction, 41 BPN/NLX injectors in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were recruited using a modified snowball recruitment technique. Results: In January 2007, all subjects had previously injected BPN alone. During the transition from injecting BPN alone to co-formulated BPN/NLX, the mean daily BPN injection dose increased from 1.88 mg (range 1.0-4.0 mg) to 2.49 mg/day (p .001). Overall, 18 (44) subjects increased their daily amount of injection while 22 (54) had no change in dose; only one subject reduced the amount of injection. Development of opioid withdrawal symptoms was the primary outcome, however the only symptom that was significantly associated with BPN/NLX dosage was the report of stomach pains (p = .01). In logistic regression analysis, the development of opioid withdrawal symptoms was associated with increased benzodiazepine injection and increased syringe sharing. Conclusion and Scientific Significance: These data suggests that the introduction of BPN/NLX did not reduce injection related risk behaviors such as syringe sharing and was associated with increased benzodiazepine use. Evidence-based approaches to treat BPN injection are urgently needed.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Additional Information: | Bruce, R. Douglas Govindasamy, Sumathi Sylla, Laurie Kamarulzaman, Adeeba Altice, Frederick L. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone, injection drug use, Malaysia, substance abuse |
| Subjects: | R Medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Ms azrahani halim |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jan 2013 01:57 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jan 2013 01:57 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/4596 |
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