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J. and Titus, Michael and Toma, Kenji and Torne, Pablo and Toscano, Teresa and Traianou, Efthalia and Trent, Tyler and Trippe, Sascha and Turk, Matthew and Van Bemmel, Ilse and Van Langevelde, Huib Jan and Van Rossum, Daniel R. and Vos, Jesse and Wagner, Jan and Ward-Thompson, Derek and Wardle, John and Washington, Jasmin E. and Weintroub, Jonathan and Wharton, Robert and Wielgus, MacIek and Wiik, Kaj and Witzel, Gunther and Wondrak, Michael F. and Wong, George N. and Wu, Qingwen and Yadlapalli, Nitika and Yamaguchi, Paul and Yfantis, Aristomenis and Yoon, Doosoo and Young, André and Younsi, Ziri and Yu, Wei and Yuan, Feng and Yuan, Ye-Fei and Anton Zensus, J. and Zhang, Shuo and Zhao, Guang-Yao and Zhao, Shan-Shan and Allardi, Alexander and Chang, Shu-Hao and Chang, Chih-Cheng and Chang, Song-Chu and Chen, Chung-Chen and Chilson, Ryan and Faber, Aaron and Gale, David M. and Han, Chih-Chiang and Han, Kuo-Chang and Hasegawa, Yutaka and Hernández-Rebollar, José Luis and Huang, Yau-De and Jiang, Homin and Jinchi, Hao and Kimura, Kimihiro and Kubo, Derek and Li, Chao-Te and Lin, Lupin C.-C. and Liu, Ching-Tang and Liu, Kuan-Yu and Lu, Li-Ming and Martin-Cocher, Pierre and Meyer-Zhao, Zheng and Montaña, Alfredo and Moraghan, Anthony and Moreno-Nolasco, Marcos Emir and Nishioka, Hiroaki and Norton, Timothy J. and Nystrom, George and Ogawa, Hideo and Oshiro, Peter and Pradel, Nicolas and Principe, Giacomo and Raffin, Philippe and Rodríguez-Montoya, Iván and Shaw, Paul and Snow, William and Sridharan, Tirupati Kumara and Srinivasan, Ranjani and Wei, Ta-Shun and Yu, Chen-Yu (2024) The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 681. ISSN 0004-6361, DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347932.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. © 2023 The Author(s).
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [Grant no. 730562], European Commission [Grant no. 610058] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Accretion, accretion disks; Black hole physics; Galaxies: active; Galaxies: individual: M 87; Galaxies: jets; Gravitation |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Department of Physics |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Apr 2025 02:02 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Apr 2025 02:02 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/44972 |
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