Tan, Shi Han and Khong, Teng Keen and Selvanayagam, Victor Selvarajah and Yusof, Ashril (2024) Central effects of mouth rinses on endurance and strength performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124 (2). 403 – 415. ISSN 1439-6319, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05350-w.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution has been shown to enhance exercise performance while reducing neuromuscular fatigue. This effect is thought to be mediated through the stimulation of oral receptors, which activate brain areas associated with reward, motivation, and motor control. Consequently, corticomotor responsiveness is increased, leading to sustained levels of neuromuscular activity prior to fatigue. In the context of endurance performance, the evidence regarding the central involvement of mouth rinse (MR) in performance improvement is not conclusive. Peripheral mechanisms should not be disregarded, particularly considering factors such as low exercise volume, the participant's fasting state, and the frequency of rinsing. These factors may influence central activations. On the other hand, for strength-related activities, changes in motor evoked potential (MEP) and electromyography (EMG) have been observed, indicating increased corticospinal responsiveness and neuromuscular drive during isometric and isokinetic contractions in both fresh and fatigued muscles. However, it is important to note that in many studies, MEP data were not normalised, making it difficult to exclude peripheral contributions. Voluntary activation (VA), another central measure, often exhibits a lack of changes, mainly due to its high variability, particularly in fatigued muscles. Based on the evidence, MR can attenuate neuromuscular fatigue and improve endurance and strength performance via similar underlying mechanisms. However, the evidence supporting central contribution is weak due to the lack of neurophysiological measures, inaccurate data treatment (normalisation), limited generalisation between exercise modes, methodological biases (ignoring peripheral contribution), and high measurement variability. Trial registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42021261714. Graphical abstract: The graphic depicts the main findings of the review and the benefits of MR on endurance and strength performance respectively. The figure also shows factors affecting MR response. TT Time trial, TTE Time to exhaustion, ISO-M Isometric contraction, ISO-K Isokinetic contraction, MR Mouth rinse (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Brain activation; Exercise performance; Mouth wash; Neurophysiological; Oral stimulation |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science (formerly known as Centre for Sports & Exercise Sciences) |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jun 2024 02:30 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jun 2024 02:30 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/44881 |
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