Co-doped, tri-doped, and rare-earth-doped g-C3N4 for photocatalytic applications: State-of-the-art

Phoon, Bao Lee and Ong, Chong Cheen and Lee, Kuan-Ching and Pan, Guan-Ting and Leo, Bey Fen and Chong, Siewhui and Pan, Kuan-Lun (2022) Co-doped, tri-doped, and rare-earth-doped g-C3N4 for photocatalytic applications: State-of-the-art. Catalysts, 12 (6). ISSN 2073-4344, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12060586.

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Abstract

Rapid industrialization and overpopulation have led to energy shortages and environmental pollution, accelerating research to solve the issues. Currently, metal-free photocatalysts have gained the intensive attention of scientists due to their environmental-friendly nature and ease of preparation. It was noticed that g-C3N4 (GCN) consists of a few outstanding properties that could be used for various applications such as water treatment and clean energy production. Nonetheless, bare GCN contains several drawbacks such as high charge recombination, limited surface area, and low light sensitivity. Several solutions have been applied to overcome GCN limitations. Co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping can be effective solutions to modify the GCN structure and improve its performance toward photocatalysis. This review highlights the function of multi-elemental and rare-earth dopants in GCN structure, mechanisms, and performance for photocatalytic applications as well as the advantages of co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping of GCN. This review summarizes the different roles of dopants in addressing the limitations of GCN. Therefore, this article critically reviewed how multi-elemental and rare-earth-doping affect GCN properties and enhanced photoactivity for various applications.

Item Type: Article
Funders: Universiti Malaya, Institute of Research and Management, Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, the Republic of China [Grant No:MOST 110-2637-E-027-007-]
Uncontrolled Keywords: Co-doping; tri-doping; rare-earth-doping; g-C3N4; metal-based; non-metal-based; photocatalysis
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine
Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
Depositing User: Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim
Date Deposited: 17 Oct 2023 00:31
Last Modified: 17 Oct 2023 00:31
URI: http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/41964

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