Tan, Choo Hock and Tan, Kae Yi and Wong, Kin Ying and Tan, Nget Hong and Chong, Ho Phin (2022) Equatorial spitting cobra (naja sumatrana) from Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan and Penang), Southern Thailand, and Sumatra: Comparative venom proteomics, immunoreactivity and cross-neutralization by antivenom. Toxins, 14 (8). ISSN 2072-6651, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080522.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The Equatorial Spitting Cobra (Naja sumatrana) is a medically important venomous snake species in Southeast Asia. Its wide geographical distribution implies potential intra-specific venom variation, while there is no species-specific antivenom available to treat its envenoming. Applying a protein-decomplexing proteomic approach, the study showed that three-finger toxins (3FTX), followed by phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)), were the major proteins well-conserved across N. sumatrana venoms of different locales. Variations were noted in the subtypes and relative abundances of venom proteins. Of note, alpha-neurotoxins (belonging to 3FTX) are the least in the Penang specimen (Ns-PG, 5.41% of total venom proteins), compared with geographical specimens from Negeri Sembilan (Ns-NS, 14.84%), southern Thailand (Ns-TH, 16.05%) and Sumatra (Ns-SU, 10.81%). The alpha-neurotoxin abundance, in general, correlates with the venom's lethal potency. The Thai Naja kaouthia Monovalent Antivenom (NkMAV) was found to be immunoreactive toward the N. sumatrana venoms and is capable of cross-neutralizing N. sumatrana venom lethality to varying degrees (potency = 0.49-0.92 mg/mL, interpreted as the amount of venom completely neutralized per milliliter of antivenom). The potency was lowest against NS-SU venom, implying variable antigenicity of its lethal alpha-neurotoxins. Together, the findings suggest the para-specific and geographical utility of NkMAV as treatment for N. sumatrana envenoming in Southeast Asia.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Ministry of Higher Education, Government of Malaysia [FRGS/1/2019/SKK08/UM/02/19] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Venom variation; Antivenom potency; Naja kaouthia monovalent antivenom (NkMAV); Monocled cobra antivenom; Snakebite envenoming |
| Subjects: | R Medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Sep 2023 07:54 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Sep 2023 07:54 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/41401 |
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