Wan, Kim Sui and Mohd Hairi, Noran Naqiah and Mustapha, Feisul and Ismail, Mastura and Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd and Moy, Foong Ming (2022) Five-year LDL-cholesterol trend and its predictors among type 2 diabetes patients in an upper-middle-income country: A retrospective open cohort study. PeerJ, 10. ISSN 2167-8359, DOI https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13816.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Background. Patients with diabetes have increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) has to be treated to target to prevent complications. We aim to determine the LDL-C trend and its predictors among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Malaysia. Methods. This was a retrospective open cohort study from 2013 to 2017 among T2D patients in public primary health care clinics in Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia. Linear mixed-effects modelling was conducted to determine the LDL-C trend and its predictors. The LDL-C target for patients without CVD was <2.6 mmol/L, whereas <1.8 mmol/L was targeted for those with CVD. Results. Among 18,312 patients, there were more females (55.9%), adults similar to 60 years (49.4%), Malays (64.7%), non-smokers (93.6%), and 45.3% had diabetes for <5 years. The overall LDL-C trend reduced by 6.8% from 2.96 to 2.76 mmol/L. In 2017, 16.8% (95% CI: 13.2-21.0) of patients withoutCVDand 45.8% (95% CI: 44.8-46.8) of patients with CVD achieved their respective LDL-C targets. The predictors for a higher LDL-C trend were younger adults, Malay and Indian ethnicities, females, dyslipidemia, and diabetes treatment with lifestyle modification and insulin. Longer diabetes duration, obesity, hypertension, retinopathy, statin therapy, achievement of HbA1c target and achievement of BP target were independent predictors for a lower LDL-C trend. Conclusions. The LDL-C trend has improved, but there are still gaps between actual results and clinical targets. Interventions should be planned and targeted at the high-risk populations to control their LDL-C.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Negeri Sembilan State Health Department |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Dyslipidaemia; LDL cholesterol; Type 2 diabetes; Malaysia |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Social & Preventive Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Nov 2023 07:46 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Nov 2023 07:46 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/40376 |
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