Narawi, Masturah Mohd and Chiu, Hock Ing and Yong, Yoke Keong and Zain, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad and Ramachandran, Muggundha Raoov and Tham, Chau Ling and Samsurrijal, Siti Fatimah and Lim, Vuanghao (2020) Biocompatible nutmeg oil-loaded nanoemulsion as phyto-repellent. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11. ISSN 1663-9812, DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00214.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Plant essential oils are widely used in perfumes and insect repellent products. However, due to the high volatility of the constituents in essential oils, their efficacy as a repellent product is less effective than that of synthetic compounds. Using a nanoemulsion as a carrier is one way to overcome this disadvantage of essential oils. Nutmeg oil-loaded nanoemulsion (NT) was prepared using a high speed homogenizer and sonicator with varying amounts of surfactant, glycerol, and distilled water. Using a phase diagram, different formulations were tested for their droplet size and insect repellent activity. The nanoemulsion containing 6.25% surfactant and 91.25% glycerol (NT 6) had the highest percentage of protection (87.81%) in terms of repellent activity among the formulations tested for the 8 h duration of the experiment. The droplet size of NT 6 was 217.4 nm, and its polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.248. The zeta potential value was -44.2 mV, and the viscosity was 2.49 Pa.s at pH 5.6. The in vitro release profile was 71.5%. When the cytotoxicity of NT 6 at 400 mu g/mL was tested using the MTS assay, cell viability was 97.38%. Physical appearance and stability of the nanoemulsion improved with the addition of glycerol as a co-solvent. In summary, a nutmeg oil-loaded nanoemulsion was successfully formulated and its controlled release of the essential oil showed mosquito repellent activity, thus eliminating the disadvantages of essential oils.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Ministry of Education, Malaysia, Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) [203/CIPPT/6711684], USM Short Term Grant [304/CIPPT/6312019], USM Bridging Grant [304.CIPPT.6316264] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Nutmeg oil; Repellent activity; In vitro release; Nanoemulsion; Aedes aegypti |
| Subjects: | R Medicine R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science |
| Depositing User: | Ms Zaharah Ramly |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Oct 2023 07:53 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2023 07:53 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/36812 |
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