Razzaq, Luqman and Farooq, Muhammad and Mujtaba, M.A. and Sher, Farooq and Farhan, Muhammad and Hassan, Muhammad Tahir and Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. and Atabani, A.E. and Kalam, Md. Abul and Imran, Muhammad (2020) Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment. Sustainability, 12 (12). p. 5186. ISSN 2071-1050, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125186.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °C and 40 °C, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock's including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density model and 1.85%, 1.41%, 3.48% and 2.27%, 1.85%, 3.50% for viscosity models were obtained on % volume and % mass basis. These developed correlations are useful for ternary biodiesel blends where alcohols are the part of biodiesel blends. The modeled values of densities and viscosities of ternary blends were significantly comparable with the measured densities and viscosities, which are feasible to avoid the harm of vehicles' operability. © 2020 by the authors.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Faculty of Engineering at the University of Malaya, Malaysia: research grant no GPF018A-2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ternary blends; biodiesel; diesel; ethanol; models; density; viscosity |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2020 00:47 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2020 00:47 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/25312 |
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