Ahmad, Nur Syamsina and Hamid, Mohamad Shariff A. and Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok and Hamzah, Sareena Hanim (2018) Bone Mineral Density and Associated Risk Factors among Female Athletes: A Cross-2 Sectional Study. Sains Malaysiana, 47 (1). pp. 123-129. ISSN 0126-6039, DOI https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-15.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Menstrual irregularity and disordered eating were previously identified as risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. Therefore, an investigation for more potential factors that could be associated with low BMD among Malaysian female athletes is required. The aim of this study was to assess the association of BMD with energy availability, body weight, body fat, estrogen level and bone loading status in female athletes and to what extent those factors predict BMD. Energy intake and expenditure, body weight, Bone Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) score and estrogen level were determined from 85 female athletes aged 18-30 years in this cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density was measured by using an ultrasound bone densitometry device at the calcaneus bone. The female athletes’body weight and fat percentage were 56±9 kg and 27±6%, respectively and they were all eumenorrheic. Fifty three percent of them had low BMD (z- score < 0). Their mean energy intake (1291±33 kcal/day) was lower than energy expenditure (1807±34 kcal/day) which resulted in a low energy availability (29±1 kcal/day/kg FFM). BMD was positively associated with BPAQ score (r=0.4, p=0.000) and body weight (r=0.3, p=0.005) but negatively associated with energy expenditure (r=-0.4, p=0.000). There was no association of BMD with energy intake, energy availability, body fat percentage and estrogen level. In conclusion, BMD was associated with energy expenditure, body weight and BPAQ score among female athletes. Regression analysis showed that energy expenditure and BPAQ score were the main factors to predict BMD.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | University of Malaya Postgraduate Research Grant (PG128-2014B) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Energy intake; Exercise; Hormone; Nutrient; Physical activity |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GV Recreation Leisure R Medicine |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science (formerly known as Centre for Sports & Exercise Sciences) |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Oct 2019 03:18 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2019 03:18 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/22635 |
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