Tan, Shiou Xuan and Ong, Hwai Chyuan and Lim, Steven and Pang, Yean Ling (2018) In situ reactive extraction of Jatropha curcas L. seeds assisted by ultrasound: Preliminary studies. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40 (14). pp. 1772-1779. ISSN 1556-7036, DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1486913.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Esterification is required to reduce the high free fatty acid (FFA) content of crude Jatropha oil to below 3% prior to transesterification. In this study, raw decorticated Jatropha seeds were employed as the feedstock in in situ reactive extraction assisted by ultrasound in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. Extraction efficiency, esterification efficiency, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield were optimized as a function of ultrasonic pulse mode, amplitude, and H2SO4 amount. The optimum extraction efficiency of 83.96%, esterification efficiency of 71.10%, and FAME yield of 38.58% were achieved at a pulse mode of 5 s on/2 s off, an ultrasonic amplitude of 60%, and an H2SO4 amount of 5 mL in reaction time of 150 min.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Funders: | Ministry of Education, Malaysia and University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, under FRGS-MRSA (MO014-2016), SATU joint research scheme (RU18J-2016), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Research Fund (UTARRF) |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alternative fuel; biodiesel; green energy; in situ reactive extraction; Jatropha seeds; ultrasound |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Juhaida Abd Rahim |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Feb 2019 02:42 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Feb 2019 02:42 |
| URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/20523 |
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